This report analyses the state of siege declared in the provinces of North Kivu and Ituri since 2021. This Congolese government policy is deemed a failure, as the government’s efforts to reclaim control over its territory and address security issues have fallen short. Rooted in both domestic and regional challenges, the DRC’s persistent institutional fragility and the exploitation of its weaknesses by neighbouring elites contribute to the failure. Key causes include a lack of clear strategy and resources, inadequate communication and dialogue, limited capacity for remedial action, and a weak and unprepared military. The hurried implementation of the state of siege without proper planning and consultation has led to a loss of momentum and increased opportunities for domestic and regional spoilers. The failure is exacerbated by a lack of transparency in decision-making, exclusion of key stakeholders, and a weak military unable to effectively address armed groups. The text emphasizes the need for comprehensive reform, to address the complex challenges facing the DRC.